În ultimul deceniu, lumea jocurilor de noroc s-a schimbat radical în România, în special cu apariția noi cazinourilor online. Această tendință, alimentată de progresul tehnologic și de comoditatea jucătorilor, a transformat complet modul în care românii se bucură de jocurile lor preferate.

Una dintre caracteristicile marcante ale cele mai cazinouri noi 2023 este folosirea tehnologiilor de ultimă oră. Acestea oferă jucătorilor o experiență fluidă și captivantă, cu grafică impresionantă și sunete imersive. De asemenea, varietatea jocurilor disponibile a crescut semnificativ. De la sloturi tradiționale la jocuri de masă și până la cazinouri live cu dealeri reali, opțiunile par nesfârșite. Însă, nu doar diversitatea jocurilor face apel la jucători. Noile cazinouri online aduc o serie de beneficii incontestabile. Jucătorii pot accesa platformele oricând și de oriunde, având nevoie doar de o conexiune la internet. În plus, promoțiile și bonusurile oferite sunt deseori mult mai generoase decât cele din cazinourile tradiționale, oferind oportunități suplimentare de câștig.

Gender Affirmation

Female-to-male chest reconstruction is a surgery that provides the opportunity for an individual to feel like their most authentic self. The surgery, also referred to as “top surgery,” provides transgender and non-binary individuals with the chance to reconstruct the chest for a more masculine appearance – thus allowing an individual to express his/their sense of self through physical attributes.


Female To Male Gender Affirmation Top Surgery

Female To Male Gender Affirmation Top Surgery

Making the decision to undergo this surgery can often feel overwhelming due to the combination of personal sentiments and outside factors that may shape if and when the surgery can be completed. It is our job to make all parties involved comfortable during this transition by having an open stream of communication regarding the procedure, surgical techniques utilized, and recovery.


What is chest masculinization surgery?

The main goal of the surgery is to help provide confidence and increase self-esteem in our patients by further aligning their physical characteristics with their truest sense of self. The surgery involves removing unwanted breast tissue and repositioning/resizing the nipple in order to create a more masculinized chest. The two techniques we utilize most frequently are the “double incision” and the “buttonhole”.


Double Incision Technique

Double Incision Technique

The double incision technique is the most common technique utilized for this surgery due to its popularity and effectiveness to achieve a flat and tight chest. This technique also allows for the personalization of areola size and position based on patient preference. This technique involves two incisions, as the name entails: one incision is along the inframammary fold of the breast, which enables the surgeon to remove excess skin and breast tissue. The second incision is around the areola to remove the nipple-areolar complex. This enables the surgeon to create a free nipple graft, which can be resized and grafted into a more lateral position, creating the appearance of a masculine chest. A patient has the option to customize this surgery by determining to have anatomically feminine or masculine nipple size and position, or in some instances no nipple and areola at all.

  • Benefits: flatter and tighter chest, useful in individuals with larger breasts or excess skin.
  • Risks: Complete loss of sensation in the nipple, loss of the free nipple graft or delayed wound healing, discoloration of the areola.
  • Surgery: About 2 hours, outpatient procedure. Patient will most commonly have drains on either side for 7-10 days following the surgery. Patient will also have a bolster dressing in place if nipple grafts are utilized to help the graft adhere. These will be removed about 1 week after surgery at the first post-op visit.
  • Recovery: Following this procedure, a patient will normally have pain in the chest area for a day or two and be sore for a week or two. After about two weeks, a patient may resume light exercise and activity, while still avoiding rigorous exercise such as running and jumping. The tissues will take about 6-8 weeks of healing time to reach full strength following the operation. After that time, the patient has little to no restrictions.


Buttonhole Incision Technique

Buttonhole Incision Technique

Unlike the double incision technique, the buttonhole technique does not create a free nipple graft. This technique instead utilizes an “inferior pedicle” approach, which means that the neurovascular supply to the nipple should remain intact. This provides a higher likelihood of maintaining sensation in the nipple.

  • Benefits: Useful in individuals with smaller breasts, higher chance of maintaining nipple sensation.
  • Risks: Delayed wound healing, residual breast tissue noted after the surgery, lack of customization of nipple size and positioning.
  • Surgery: About 2 hours, outpatient procedure. Patient will most commonly have drains on either side for 7-10 days following the surgery.
  • Recovery: Following this procedure, a patient will normally have pain in the chest area for a day or two and be sore for a week or two. After about two weeks, a patient may resume light exercise and activity, while still avoiding rigorous exercise such as running and jumping. The tissues will take about 6-8 weeks of healing time to reach full strength after the operation. After that time, the patient has little to no restrictions.


Will I still need Mammograms after my Surgery?

Will I still need Mammograms after my Surgery?

The mastectomy to remove your breast tissue as part of transgender surgery is different from a mastectomy for breast cancer. We are not removing all of your breast tissue as part of an oncologic resection. Breast cancer risk may be reduced because the volume of breast tissue is much smaller but you should discuss appropriate breast cancer screening with your primary care provider. Self-exams, mammography, ultrasound, or MRI may all still be indicated to screen for breast cancer in transgender patients.



Contact Us Today!

Northwestern Specialists
in Plastic Surgery

676 N St Clair Street, Suite 1575
Chicago, IL 60611

Monday-Friday: 8a-5p
Saturday & Sunday: Closed

Northwestern Med Spa Streeterville

676 N St Clair Street, Suite 1575
Chicago, IL 60611

Monday: 8a-6p
Tuesday-Thursday: 8a-7p
Friday: 9a-5p
Saturday: 9a-2p
Sunday: Closed

Northwestern Med Spa River North

3 E Huron Street, 3rd Floor
Chicago, IL 60611

Monday-Thursday: 10a-7p
Friday: 9a-5p
Saturday: 9a-2p
Sunday: Closed

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